Wetland Evaluation and Delineation Program
Delineation Program
Plant Communities in Southeast Florida
Wetlands
-
Cypress domes/swamps and strands/stringers, 30 years ago there
were extensive areas of cypress swamp just east of Davie, probably
none left in Broward County; while in Palm Beach County the cypress
swamps are rapidly being developed and/or drained. Interesting variant
found in the Everglades and Jonathan Dickinson State Park with dwarf
cypress "stringers" in the greater landscape of freshwater marsh/pine
flatwoods. Public access for seeing cypress domes/swamps can be found
in the Everglades National Park and Jonathan Dickinson State Park.
-
Hydric pine flatwoods – throughout, public access to these are
found in Jonathan Dickinson State Park.
-
Wet Prairie – associated with pine flatwoods, public access is
found in Savanna State Park, Palm Beach County.
-
Freshwater marsh – a catch all that includes most freshwater
wetlands dominated by herbaceous plants, this includes wet "marl"
prairies which are floristically related to the sawgrass marshes of
the Everglades also includes
Depression marsh – Throughout, usually in pine flatwoods, e.g.
in Jonathan Dickinson St. Park, usually a distinct circular marsh with
zones of vegetation, floristically related to the freshwater marshes
of rivers and to the sawgrass marshes of the Everglades. Public access
to freshwater marshes can be found in many parks, for example,
Everglades National Park and Jonathan Dickinson State Park.
-
Bayhead – Formerly common in Palm Beach, Martin, St. Lucie and
Okeechobee Counties. Public access can be found in Everglades National
Park and Jonathan Dickinson State Park
-
Floodplain forest/marsh
– along streams and rivers, parts of the Loxahatchee and St. Lucie
River. Public access; Loxahatchee River Bend (County) Park and
Jonathan Dickinson State Park.
- Lakeshore marsh/swamp – Many lakes (or stormwater ponds) in
south Florida, except Lake Okeechobee and a few remnant lakes
associated with Loxahatchee Slough, are artificial with limited
wetland vegetation owing to the lack of a littoral shelf. The southern
drainage of Lake Okeechobee historically contained vast Pond Apple (Annona
glabra) swamps that drained into the Everglades, this has been
converted to agriculture. Many public boat ramps/access areas contain
marsh vegetation around Lake Okeechobee.
- Brackish marsh – extensive areas mixed with dwarf mangroves in
the Everglades, this grades into freshwater marsh and there is no
distinct boundary between the two. Public access to vast areas of
brackish marsh is found in the Everglades National Park. See the our
webpage for an illustrated guide to saltmarsh vegetation in south
Florida.
-
Mangrove swamp – Coastal counties where the climate is
subtropical, extensive areas associated with Florida Bay of the
Everglades national park, also mangrove islands associated with
Florida Keys and mangroves along intercoastal waterway. Public access
to mangrove forests is found throughout south Florida. Examples
include the following: John D. MacArthur State Recreation Area (Palm
Beach County); John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area (Broward County);
Oleta River State Park and Matheson Hammock State Park (Dade County)
and extensive areas of the Everglades National Park (Dave and Monroe
Counties). See our webpage for illustrated guide to mangroves and
associated plant species. We also have an illustrated guide (on our
webpage) to the seagrasses and algae of south Florida.
Uplands
- Sandhill – locally common in Martin County. Public access can
be found in Jonathan Dickinson State Park, within the park drive down
to the picnic areas/canoe rental near the Loxahatchee River.
- Coastal Scrub – found primarily from Palm Beach County, north
to St. Lucie County, Public access can be found in Jonathan Dickinson
State Park.
- Xeric Hammock – associated with unburned coastal scrub. Public
access can be found in Jonathan Dickinson State Park.
- Coastal Hammock - found landward of the dunes in coastal
counties, throughout the area from Monroe Co. in the Keys, north along
the Atlantic coast. Floristically, this community contains many
tropical species (in common with subtropical hammocks found inland
typically on a limestone rise) that tend to become less dominant in
the hammocks north of the Daytona Beach area. Examples on public lands
include the following: John D. MacArthur State Recreation Area (Palm
Beach County) and Bahia Honda State Recreation Area (Monroe County).
- Beach dune - in coastal counties, throughout. Various public
beaches have examples of relatively intact beach dunes. Many dunes
have been altered and are no longer representative of the original
plant composition. Many invasive exotics have and continue to be
removed from south Florida coastal areas.
- Pine flatwoods – Throughout. Public access can be found in
Jonathan Dickinson State Park.
-
Pine Rocklands – Dade and Monroe Counties. Public access can
be found in the Everglades National Park.
- Subtropical hammocks – Monroe County, Florida Keys and Dade
County, "tree islands" in Everglades. Public access can be found in
the Everglades National Park and Matheson Hammock State Park (Dade
County).